Over the last century, Contemporary Arabic prose has changed widely, so studying its formation and evolution requires careful and comprehensive research because of the geographic extent and the subject. The book entitled “ Studies in Modern Arabic Literature (Prose)” by Mohammad Ahmed Rabea and Salem Ahmed Hamdaniis is an example of the various works that have been written in this field. This study, in addition to the historical approach which introduces some selective examples of Arabic prose in contemporary era, tries to introduce its analysis to the readers. in order to find an answer to see whether this book can be introduced as a teaching text for the course of contemporary prose texts for bachelor degree in Arabic Language and Literature or not, it must be said that in order to not to follow the regular approach in analyzing texts, and because of its non-comprehensive examples, it cannotbe introduced as a comprehensive reference book in the field, and it does not meet the needs of students. This article tried to analyze the form and content of the book, and some content weaknesses were found.

Every organization requires employees who can readily accept changes to carry out their day to day business transactions and to accommodate with those changes emerging from the environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Impact of Readiness for Change on Organizational Change among the employees of the Commercial Banks. Data were collected from 350 employees serving in the private and public sector banks through questionnaires. Simple Regression was performed to calculate the impact analysis. The findings of the study clearly show that there is a better understanding of the impact of Readiness for Change on Organizational Change. It is suggested that the banking sector must take measures to conduct lots of training programs and deliberations to improve the readiness for change among the employees in the banks to adapt those changes and enjoy the benefits emerging out of those changes.

Purpose: To report an unusual case of deep keratomycosis after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. Methods: A 70‑ year‑ old male presented with a deep corneal stromal infiltrate, without epithelial involvement, 3 weeks after a successful AGV implantation for neovascular glaucoma. Microscopic examination of the anterior chamber exudates revealed fungal filaments on smear, and white fungal colonies were observed on the Blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus flavus. Results: The patient was treated with oral and topical 1% voriconazole. Ten weeks after the treatment, the corneal infiltrate resolved, resulting in a vascularized scar. Conclusion: As recalcitrant keratomycosis of the deep corneal layers may occur after AGV implantation, early identification and prompt treatment may help to achieve complete resolution of the infection and salvage the eye.

Paradox is an artistic method of composition which results in literary defamiliarizations. In contemporary literature and poetry, paradox has been used extensively. After giving a working definition of paradox as a literary method of composition, the present study discusses its difference from irony in Ahmed Matar's poetry. Through its descriptive-analytic framework, the study explores why Matar has relied heavily on paradox in his poetry. After analyzing his poems, the study concludes that two types of paradoxes are used in Matar's poetry: Mixed paradox and semantic paradox. The study also observes the political and discursive reasons why Matar wished to mask his critique of Arab society – which has suffered from the tyranny of dictatorial rulers – with his humorous, derisive and paradoxical language.

Hafez›, s poetic relationships with poets before him and his contemporaries have long been among the topics of Hafez studies. One of these contemporary poets of Hafez is Sultan Ahmad bin Sheikh Owais Jalā, yir, who had a correspondence and a poetic relationship with Hafez, and Hafez mentioned him at the beginning of one of his poems. Now that after several centuries, seven books of poems by Sultan Ahmad Jalā, yir have been found and published in the form of a divan, it is a great opportunity to examine the poetic relations between Hafez and this lyrical poet.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation in the superior versus inferior quadrants.Methods: This prospective parallel cohort study was performed on 106 eyes of 106 patients with refractory glaucoma. Main outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) and rate of complications. Other outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of glaucoma medications and success rate (defined as at least 30% IOP reduction and 5<IOP<22 mmHg with or without medications). Criteria for failure included implant removal, additional glaucoma surgery, phthisis bulbi or loss of light perception.Results: AGV was implanted in the superior quadrants in 58 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 48 eyes. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the study groups, except for preoperative lOP which was higher in the superior group (P=0.01). Patients were followed for a mean period of 10.6±8.5 and 10.6±6.8 months in the superior and inferior groups, respectively (P=0.48). BCVA was comparable between the groups at all postoperative visits. After one year, statistically significant but comparable lOP reduction from baseline (P<0.001) was achieved in both groups (47.0±27.2% and 43.0±24.5% reduction for the superior and inferior groups respectively, P=0.725). Mean number of glaucoma medications was comparable after one year (1.3±1.2 versus 1.9±0.8 for superior and inferior implants respectively, P=0.256). Success rates were also similar after one year: 27 eyes (81.8%) versus 20 eyes (95.2%) for superior and inferior implants, respectively (P=0.227). However, the overall rate of complications such as implant exposure necessitating removal, cosmetically unappealing appearance and endophthalmitis was higher in the inferior group: 25% versus 5.2% (P=0.004).Conclusions: Superior and inferior AGV implants have comparable intermediate efficacy in terms of IOP reduction, decrease in number of glaucoma medications and preservation of vision. However, the inferior quadrants entail significantly more complications. It may be prudent to avoid AGV implantation in the inferior quadrants if the superior quadrants have no contraindications to surgery.

Abu khadije Salem ben Mokram, whose epithet is Abu Salma, is one of transmitters which his authority among other transmitters has been subjected to question. Because of significant legal traditions (their authority depends on Salem ben Mokram’s reliability) and similar names (which sometimes are taken mistaken with Salem ben Mokram and in turn are resulted in weaken some documents and even Salem himself) one can refer to the importance of the study of this transmitter in order to explain his authority. In this ongoing debate, on the basis of transmitters’ information and by studying authoritative traditions and similar names we have concluded that in order to resolve above mentioned paradox one can say his weakening is subject to contemplation. Despite the intra contradictions of Sheikh’s claims we can say the “summation” and “preference” of Salem is reliable. Even it can be said Salem is authoritative. The Sheikh has weakened Salem because he has identified Salem ben Mokram and Salem ben Abu Salma, the latter has been weakened in transmitter’s books. As a result, the weakening of Salem ben Mokram by Sheikh Tosi is not reliable. And Najashi’s reliance to him remains without paradox.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of persistent postoperative ptosis (PP) following trabeculectomy or Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation and to analyze the associated factors. Methods: It is a prospective observational study on glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy or AGV implantation from October 2015 to June 2017 in a tertiary center. Margin refl, ex distance 1 and 2 (MRD1 and 2) and levator function were measured before and at least 6 months, postoperatively. Clinically significant ptosis was defined as ≥, 2 mm drop of MRD1. Results: One hundred and fourteen patients (124 eyelids) including 76 patients (87 eyelids) with trabeculectomy and 35 patients (37 eyelids) with AGV implantation were included. The mean age was 55. 50 (standard deviation = 17. 54) years. Most of the surgeries were performed under general anesthesia (87. 9%, 109/124) between 30 and 60 min (53. 2%, 66/124) by residents (39. 5%, 49/124). Trabeculectomy and AGV groups did not differ in terms of pre, intra, and postoperative variables (0. 1≤,P ≤, 0. 9) except duration of surgery (P = 0. 01) and sex (P = 0. 04). Clinically significant persistent PP was observed in 12. 9% (16/124) in total, 13. 7% (12/87) in the trabeculectomy group, and 10. 8% (4/37) in the AGV group (P = 0. 6). Male gender (ß,coefficient = 2. 56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4. 76–, 0. 36, P = 0. 02) and a higher preoperative MRD1 (ß,coefficient = 1. 24, 95% CI = 0. 52–, 1. 95, P = 0. 001) were the only factors affecting the frequency of clinically significant PP. Conclusions: Postoperative blepharoptosis occurred in 12. 9% of eyes after glaucoma procedures. Male gender and higher preoperative MRD1 were significantly associated with a higher frequency of postglaucoma surgery blepharoptosis.

Undoubtedly, poet plays a distinguished role in the social life generally and in the literary life particularly as he influences people through his poem and broad imagination. Naturally, poet’s influence does not occur in the real world but in the imagination. He ignores daily routines and speaks about nature s songs with a deeper, more wonderful voice in order to represent intuitive more frequent; picture of movement to his audience. One of the useful devices for effective, literal influence is Synesthesia. This poetic technique has been used as a critical idiom by Arab critics in the recent years. Though it is considered as a new technique in the criticism of Arabic literature, synesthesia has been used in the literary texts from ignorance era up to now. This paper, first of all, attempts to focus on synesthesia and its importance, then it clarifies the birth of this literary phenomenon in world’s literature and its relation to symbolism. Therefore, the audience would be able to observe types of synesthesia in the starting ages of Arabic literature and get familiar to use of this literary technique in Egypt’s poetry especially in the poems of three contemporary Egyptian poets “Ahmed Hijazi”.